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An anal fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway between the inside of the anus and the skin around it. It's a type of fistula that occurs in the anal region.
Types of Anal Fistulas:
There are several types of anal fistulas, including:
1. Intersphincteric Fistula: Occurs between the internal and external anal sphincter muscles.
2. Transsphincteric Fistula: Occurs through the external anal sphincter muscle.
3. Suprasphincteric Fistula: Occurs above the puborectalis muscle.
4. Extrasphincteric Fistula: Occurs outside the anal sphincter muscles.
Causes of Anal Fistulas:
Anal fistulas can be caused by:
1. Anal Abscesses: Infected pus-filled pockets in the anal region.
2. Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD): Conditions like Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
3. Infection: Bacterial or fungal infections.
4. Trauma: Injury to the anal region.
5. Surgery: Complications from surgery.
Symptoms of Anal Fistulas:
Common symptoms of anal fistulas include:
1. Pain: Pain or discomfort in the anal region.
2. Discharge: Pus or stool leaking from the fistula.
3. Fever: Fever or chills.
4. Itching: Itching or irritation around the anus.
5. Swelling: Swelling or redness around the anus.
Treatment of Anal Fistulas:
Treatment for anal fistulas usually involves:
1. Surgery: Surgical removal of the fistula.
2. Fistulotomy: A procedure to open and drain the fistula.
3. Seton Placement: A procedure to place a seton (a small tube) in the fistula to help drain it.
4. Advancement Flap Procedure: A procedure to close the fistula by advancing a flap of skin.
