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Fissure is small tear or crack in the lining of the anus, typically extending from the anal verge (the edge of the anus) to the anal canal. Fissures are usually caused by trauma or injury to the anal lining, such as during childbirth, constipation, or anal sex.
Types of Fissures
There are two main types of fissures:
1. Acute Fissure: A new fissure that has developed recently, usually within the past few weeks.
2. Chronic Fissure: A fissure that has been present for more than 6 weeks and has not healed.
Causes of Fissures
Fissures can be caused by:
1. Constipation: Hard stools can cause tears in the anal lining.
2. Childbirth: The anal lining can be stretched or torn during childbirth.
3. Anal Sex: Trauma to the anal lining can cause fissures.
4. Diarrhea: Frequent bowel movements can cause irritation and tears in the anal lining.
5. Poor Diet: A diet low in fiber can contribute to constipation and fissures.
Symptoms of Fissures
Common symptoms of fissures include:
1. Pain: Sharp pain or burning sensation during bowel movements.
2. Bleeding: Bright red blood during bowel movements.
3. Itching: Itching or irritation around the anus.
4. Discomfort: Discomfort or feeling of fullness in the rectum.
Treatment of Fissures
Treatment for fissures usually involves:
1. Lifestyle Changes: Dietary changes, increased fiber intake, and regular exercise.
2. Medications: Topical creams or ointments to promote healing and reduce pain.
3. Surgical Procedures: In severe cases, surgical procedures such as fissurectomy or anal advancement flap may be necessary.
